Imagine sipping a cold glass of water on the deck of a cruise ship, the sun glinting off the ocean, the gentle hum of engines below, and realizing that the water in your glass might actually have come from the very sea you’re sailing on.

When developing a water purification setup, reverse osmosis (RO systems) are often the main focus. However, the effectiveness and longevity of RO membranes largely depend on the quality of the pre-treatment stage.