Does Your Water Disinfectant Matter? A New Study Thinks So
- Everfilt® Admin

- Dec 9, 2025
- 2 min read

TL;DR
A new study suggests that the stuff used to disinfect tap water, chlorine vs. monochloramine, might be linked to how often people get Legionnaires’ disease. And honestly? The difference is kind of surprising.
What’s Going On?
Researchers dug into real-world data from water utilities across the U.S. and compared it to reported cases of Legionnaires’ disease. They presented the findings at the Society for Risk Analysis meeting, and here’s the headline:
Communities using chlorine had higher rates of disease. Communities using monochloramine had lower rates. Some areas had zero cases, while others clocked in at almost 8.4 cases per 100,000 people.
That’s… a pretty big spread.
Why Would Disinfectant Even Matter?
Legionella bacteria love:
warm pipes
stale or stagnant water
biofilm (yes, gross pipe slime)
low disinfectant levels at the tap
Chlorine is great when it’s first added, but it can fade fast as it travels through miles of pipes.
Monochloramine, on the other hand, tends to:
✔ stick around longer
✔ reach the end of the plumbing system
✔ hold up better against biofilms
So instead of disinfecting mainly at the treatment plant, it keeps working throughout the system, all the way to the faucet, showerhead, or water tank.
Should Cities Start Switching?
Not so fast, this is early research, not a grand verdict.
But it does raise smart questions for:
Water Utilities
Maybe it’s time to look beyond “what’s cheapest”
Maybe “what keeps people healthier” deserves more attention
Buildings & Landlords
Even if the city water is treated well, buildings themselves can become Legionella playgrounds.
Hot water tanks + low usage + warm temps = prime real estate for bacteria.
So:
flush unused taps
maintain water temps
follow a building water safety plan
Regular People (aka everyone else)
Most folks are not at high risk, but it is worth knowing if you:
are over 50
smoke or used to
have a chronic illness
live in an older building
Knowledge = power. Or at least fewer bacteria.
Important: This Isn’t Fear-Mongering
Nobody is saying chlorine “causes” Legionnaires’ disease.
What this study is saying is:
The disinfectant strategy may influence risk, and that’s worth studying more.
Plus, switching disinfectants isn’t a snap decision. It affects:
treatment cost
chemical byproducts
local regulations
But if monochloramine is doing a better job at keeping people healthy, maybe it deserves more attention.
This research is a big nudge toward rethinking water treatment.
Better disinfectant choices + better building maintenance = fewer people getting sick. It doesn’t mean panic. It does mean progress.
Sources
News-Medical: Disinfectant used in water treatment may impact the incidence of Legionnaires’ diseasehttps://www.news-medical.net/news/20251209/Disinfectant-used-in-water-treatment-may-impact-the-incidence-of-Legionnaires-disease.aspx
CDC: Controlling Legionella in potable water systemshttps://www.cdc.gov/control-legionella/php/toolkit/potable-water-systems-module.html
EPA: Legionella in the indoor environmenthttps://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/legionella-indoor-environment
PubMed: Monroe DK. Effect of monochloramine disinfection on Legionnaires’ diseasehttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9929019/
National Academies: Disinfectant performance in water distribution systemshttps://www.nationalacademies.org/read/25474/chapter/6



